Having access to data that include observable measures of the skills possessed by employed workers, as in PIAAC, it is possible to identify and estimate the parameters min j and max j for each job, where jobs are defined as occupations or, depending on the size and quality of the data, as the combination of occupation and industry classes.
'Self-identification' questions correlates to the combination of occupation, income, and education measures used above to define 'working class'.
31 On publication of ICD-10 in 2001, the category for cystic fibrosis changed to E84. 32 We classified socioeconomic status using a combination of occupation and employment status.
From a socio-economic perspective this is interesting to know since it shows how households differentiate their incomes among different combinations of occupations.
Researchers have used occupational role [ 19], levels of educational attainment [ 12], ad hoc combinations of occupation, home and car ownership [ 20], refined indices such as that of Carstairs [ 21] or of Townsend [ 1], and so-called 'geodemographic' markers [ 15].
3 15–18 Poulton et al 3 examined the association of dental health (tooth cleanliness, gingival bleeding, periodontal disease and tooth decay) with a combination of parental occupation in childhood with occupation in adulthood among 1000 children in New Zealand; they reported significant social gradients among these oral conditions.
Results for all the six duplets of data sources are reported in supplementary Figure, which shows that most of the combinations of two data sources work better than their corresponding single data sources except for the combination of nucleosome occupation and DNA energy.
In the aftermath of the invasion Yugoslavia was partitioned between the Axis powers through a combination of annexations and occupation zones.
In this case, the more specific the occupation for which a programme prepares its students, the more the combination of skills in the occupation deviates from the required combinations in other occupations that are available in the labour market.
The mechanism of injury appeared similar among the studies, with a combination of sporting, accidental and occupation trauma as the associated factor.
