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In the feature extraction module, we use the features that include the intensity, colour, orientation and consistency.
At this stage, visual areas decompose the visual input into separate feature maps (colour, orientation, motion).. Secondly, all of these signals converge towards higher level areas (e.g. FEF, PEF, PPC).
Feature congestion is local variability across different image features such as colour, orientation and luminance (Rosenholtz et al., 2007).
Therefore, to avoid the confound of practice effects, accuracy (A′) 1 and response time (RT) data for each time interval (pre-TMS, post-TMS 1, and post-TMS 2) were analysed separately using 3 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVAs with the factors TMS session (baseline – sham TMS, left IFG TMS, and right PC TMS) and task (colour, orientation, and dual).
Then a test stimulus appeared in the centre of the screen for 3000 ms, during which participants had to indicate with a left- or right-hand button-press whether or not the test stimulus was the average of the two sample stimuli in terms of colour, orientation, or both colour and orientation.
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Due to the multimodally nature of the patches involved in our problem (i.e., colours, orientation, shape, etc)., a single discriminative classifier could fail during classification task.
Participants were more accurate and faster to identify the orientation of expected (i.e. validly cued) gratings than unexpected gratings (mean accuracy = 89.4% vs. 84.3%, t22 = 3.53, p = 0.002; mean RT = 451 ms vs. 464 ms, t22 = −2.46, p = 0.022), demonstrating that participants learned the colour-orientation associations correctly.
During WM for colour-orientation conjunctions, activity in these areas was intermediate to the level of activity for the single task preferred and non-preferred information.
We investigated WM for colours, orientations, and colour-orientation conjunctions following theta burst rTMS over colour- and orientation-preferred regions compared to sham stimulation.
In conclusion, we have demonstrated that offline rTMS over left inferior frontal and right parietal regions selectively impairs WM for colour-orientation conjunctions.
The experiment required manipulation of colours, orientations, or both colours and orientations in WM.
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