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Thus, the inter-slope color divergence and cryptic pigmentation in "Evolution Canyon" must have been evolving sometime after that period, which is relatively recent and fast.
Since the "Evolution Canyon" microsite exhibits both background color divergence and microclimatic divergence [33], it would be interesting to determine if the hair melanin pattern of A. cahirinus provides evidence for background matching and/or endorses Gloger's rule.
Because fragmentation also appeared to cause shifts in the spectral environment, a recognized agent of color divergence, we additionally examined the effects of turbidity (Seehausen et al. 1997; Dugas and Franssen 2011) and spectral composition (Endler 1991; Fuller 2002; Morrongiello et al. 2010) in driving phenotypic variation.
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Color morph divergence was significantly correlated with neutral genetic divergence across all populations (F = 6.37; df = 1, 26; P = 0.02).
The varying extent and in some cases deviating directions of color morph divergence are likely to reflect different stages of ecological divergence across the species complex, due not only to evolutionary histories but also to unique environmental differences across lakes in regard to size, depth and ecological opportunity [ 17, 42, 43].
The observed color morph divergence occurs along a benthic-limnetic ecological axis associated with durophagy.
We further assessed the shared and unique aspects of color morph divergence in each trait using MANCOVA [ 39] for each trait separately.
We follow these recommendations and visualized the entire neutral FST-distribution and its relationship to our adaptive trait (color morph divergence).
The genus, composed of around 40 species with hundreds of geographic variants, couples color pattern divergence with multiple cases of mimicry-related convergent evolution [ 2].
Failure to reject the drift-expectation for color morph divergence in this study (Fig. 6B) does thus not justify any strong claim that selection does not operate at all on these color morphs.
To synthesize the consistency of color morph divergence across replicates, we conducted an evolutionary trajectory analysis [ 38] of all traits (i.e., parallelism of size and orientation across BDI, LPJ weight, δN, and δC).
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