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Aside from the aesthetic appeal of colored compounds, many of these color compounds may have roles as nutraceuticals [ 12].
Additionally, in recent years, several studies or comparative tests of extraction method have been performed in order to improve yields and/or unwanted degradation or reactions of color compounds such as hydrolysis of O-glycoside, decarboxylation or methylation of colorants during extraction using acids [71-75 [71-75
In this study, depending on the target color compounds predicted to have been used on the sample, three extraction methods were employed.
The following standard color compounds, carminic acid, ellagic acid, emodin, curcumin, indigotin, alizarin, purpurin, apigenin, and quercetin 3-O-glucoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (St . Louis MO), and luteolin, luteloin 7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside were purchased from ChromaDex, Corp. (Irvine, CA).
Acid extraction is effective in releasing color compounds of mordant dyes by hydrolyzing metal-dyestuff complex [29] page 22, and a method developed by Wouters and Verhecken [25] using hydrochloric acid (HCl) (a mixture of 37% HCl/methanol/H2O, 2 1 1 (v/v/v)) has been widely used [29] page 40, [66-68].
Apart from that, spectra of individual color compounds were registered in a visible range (Table 2).
Similar(46)
b Overlay of Compound q1 (magenta color), Compound q5 (green color), Compound q8 (red color) and Compound q13 (split pea color) and PDB Complexed ligand 5XG (color cyan) and 5-Fluorouracil (salmon color) as the reference.
For example, the nutrient-packed chokeberries traditionally consumed by the American Great Plains tribes have a similar pH-sensitive color compound to the red cabbage that was always a prominent C-vitamin source in Europe.
Acetylated histones were captured by specific antibodies and followed by detection antibodies tagged with color compound.
These assays are based on spectrophotometric quantification of a color compound that forms in response to oxidation.
The enzymatic activity was measured by the yellow color compound produced by thiocholine when it reacts with dithiobisnitro benzoate ion.
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