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Some aspects of colonization, such as the failure of vagal ENCDCs to colonize already colonized bowel, might be explained by this behavior, but other aspects, such as chain migration, seem incompatible with this mechanism.
In contrast, vagal ENCDCs will not enter previously colonized bowel (97).
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Concerning liver amebiasis, the infection starts with an ingestion of amebic cysts, which, after excystation form trophozoits in the small intestine, colonize the bowel lumen and invade the intestinal epithelium resulting in amebic colitis.
In grafting experiments performed in organotypic culture, NC cells from normal bowel colonized normal embryonic colon but did not invade embryonic colon from mice with Edn3 mutations (101).
Haploinsufficiency for Sox10 appears to decrease the number of ENCDCs that initially colonize the bowel, eventually resulting in colonic aganglionosis.
The parasite colonizes the bowel system of its host for months or years without inducing clinical symptoms of disease [ 3].
In Ascl1−/− mice, ENCDCs colonize the bowel but develop into a sparse and abnormal ganglionic network (15) and do not form serotonergic (15) or esophageal (85) neurons.
Gram-negative bacteria and fungi progressively colonize the bowel within the first two weeks of the disease and further translocate into necrotic tissues [ 2].
Because of the difficulty of integrating this method into clinical routine, it has become standard procedure to utilize indirect non-invasive methods for detecting SIBO based on changes caused by the metabolic activity of bacteria colonizing these bowel segments.
Another possible explanation for the male bias is suggested by the lower levels of colonic Edn3 and Ece1 expression in males than females during the time that ENCDCs colonize distal bowel (203).
In mice and humans, ENCDCs also undergo inward radial migration after initially colonizing the bowel (103), forming the two layers of ganglia that comprise the myenteric and submucosal plexuses (Fig. 2).
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