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However, the increased production of TNF-α through TLR-2 and TLR-5 signalling might be a reason for inducing apoptosis of gastric cells at the colonized area of the stomach.
In addition, spreading of the colonized area over the material surface was evident.
The plates were photographed after 55 h and the colonized area determined with ImagePro software [ 15].
Example of a colonized area used for the sample collection via LCM.
All six measures are also influenced by potential effective dispersal events occurring after initial colonization; in the following we therefore use the term 'founder effect' to encompass the overall reduction in genetic variability in a population in a colonized area as compared with its source.
These results allow us to propose a model where tendril tip cells function as «scouts» whose main purpose is to rapidly spread on uncolonized surfaces while swarm center population are in a state allowing a permanent settlement of the colonized area (biofilm-like).
Similar(51)
Those seen as the low-status races, especially in colonized areas, were exploited for their labour and re-sources, and discrimination against them became a common pattern in many areas of the world.
She suggests that the transitions may occur because some Ruellia species that colonized areas rich in hummingbird species later dispersed into habitats lacking hummingbirds.
It increases the oxidative stress in its colonized areas.
However, whereas the borders of colonized areas by GR4 are smooth, in the case of 1021FDC5 these borders show a dendritic morphology indicating that these cells were actively swarming.
However, a negative correlation characterized the amount of P. viticola DNA and both dimension of the colonized areas and amount of sporangia, suggesting that in this case growth and sporulation are associated with a low hyphal density.
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