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Among older children and adults the frequent colonization of water documented in the present study could provide the source of additional asymptomatic infections.
Colonization of water heaters was more prevalent in buildings with >10 stories and in which water service had been interrupted in the past 3 months.
In the present report we present the results of cultures for MAC and other NTM from potable domestic and institutional sources to which the patients were exposed and identify factors favoring colonization of water systems.
Since exposure to hot water sources is almost universal and since colonization of water systems is common, it would be difficult to design a conventional epidemiologic study to confirm water exposure as a transmission risk.
Few data exists regarding the prevalence of Legionella spp. contamination, and the factors that contribute to Legionella spp. colonization of water systems in passenger ships, and even fewer data exists for ferries.
The ability of Lp to survive in water for long periods is essential for the colonization of water systems, allowing it to persist until optimal conditions and permissive hosts for its growth are encountered.
Similar(51)
E. meningoseptica has been identified in infection outbreak associated with municipal water reservoirs, potable water [ 7] and colonization of tap water in a neonatal intensive care unit [ 7].
Legionella is a bacterium among which the mode of colonization of hot water systems and water-cooling towers circuits is sill unknown.
We conducted a 2-year, prospective, environmental study to evaluate whether converting from chlorine to monochloramine for water disinfection would decrease Legionella colonization of hot water systems.
Although nearly half of building engineers reported knowledge of industry guidelines for preventing Legionella colonization of potable water systems, only 13% of sampled water heaters were set at the recommended temperature of >60°C (140°F) (16).
During the two-year study period, routine maintenance was necessary to prevent colonization of the water surface with duckweed (Lemna spp .. Unit process open-water (UPOW) wetlands may offer a low-cost means of improving water quality in natural treatment systems that can be integrated with conventional surface-flow wetlands and other managed natural systems.
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