Therefore, we have reviewed published literature (Additional file 1) describing asymptomatic C. difficile colonization to better understand the prevalence, risk factors for colonization, mechanisms that may protect colonized patients from progression to symptomatic CDI or recurrent disease and the risk asymptomatic C. difficile colonized patients pose to non-colonized patients.
Further study on gene expression of different S. aureus strains, during ex vivo colonization should be performed to understand strain specific colonization mechanisms.
In 1887, Victor Gallipe postulated that soil microorganisms can penetrate healthy plant tissues; therefore, recognition of colonization mechanisms is so valuable (Galippe 1887).
In agricultural systems, community phylogenetic data could be evaluated in concert with known mechanisms of fungal colonization to either reveal previously unrecognized fungal traits, or to assess the role of known fungal colonization mechanisms.
Another issue concerns virulence traits of each species like tooth colonization mechanisms; S. mutans apparently attach by adhesin and glucan mediated mechanisms, whereas S. sobrinus utilize primarily the latter process [ 30].
Taking a genetic approach to the management of invasive species and pests is gathering momentum; when coupled with ecological information on dispersal and/or colonization mechanisms and life-history characteristics, population genetics analyses provide a strong basis on which to formulate management strategies (Rollins et al. 2009).
Interestingly, as seen in SK1−/− animals, in which the global knockout of SK1 in the host prevented systemic S1P (and dhS1P) elevation and reduced local tumour growth and lung colonization, indicating a mechanism for host/tumour communication via systemic SK1/S1P.
Important mechanistic insights in colonization resistance, the mechanism whereby a microbial community is protected from colonization of new and often harmful bacteria, were raised by the use of sequential introduction of Bacteroides species into GF mice (Lee et al. 2013), showing that colonization of Bacteroides is species-specific and saturable.
The presence of repetitive motifs within or among new introns or the exons they colonized could provide evidence for staggered DSB repair events, biases in intron colonization sites, or mechanisms of sequence evolution in newly formed introns.
