The study of colonial surveying and cartography has become key to understanding the history of European colonialism because of the recognition that land surveys and maps not only represent territory but form part of the process through which territory comes into being.
Census results have been hotly disputed since the first post-colonial survey in1962, as each state's population is tied to its share of the national energy revenues.Around half a dozen other African countries, including Congo and Mozambique, have each spent tens of millions of dollars on biometric voters' lists in recent years to try and ensure clean elections.
At least, Mr Pichard points out, the design was copied from surviving colonial-era surveys and photographs.
Our colonial archival literature survey shows that GUD epidemics peaked in cities in their early phases of development, providing a better coincidence with this narrow time frame than the driving factors proposed by other theories.
In the 19th century British officers of the Indian colonial government undertook surveys of the surrounding seas and coasts.
Using colonial census data, surveys of how modern bush-meat hunters butcher kills, and infection rates among nurses stuck by dirty needles, Dr. Pépin calculates that, in the early 1920s, a maximum of 1,350 hunters might have had blood-to-blood contact with troglodytes chimps.
We surveyed colonial medical literature reporting incidences of GUD for the relevant regions, concentrating on cities, suffering less reporting biases than rural areas.
However, by the 1890s, improved railway communications between the mainland eastern colonies led Major General James Edwards who had recently completed a survey of colonial military forces to the belief that the colonies could be defended by the rapid mobilisation of brigades of infantry.
However, a review of Sierra Leone's historical mining development reveals not only that knowledge of the occurrence of rare earth mineral deposits date back to the early 20th century when the British colonial government established a geological survey and mines department, but also that the history of this industry cannot be described in linear and progressive terms.
The colonial government promulgated a land-survey ordinance that forced landowners to report the size and area of their land.
Her duties there typically consisted of survey work and suppressing colonial unrest.
