During this time of turmoil, it was unclear who actually governed the colonies: Joseph, the shadow government representing Ferdinand VII, the colonial officials, or revolutionaries in each province.
During the period of Portuguese colonialism, many Cabo Verdeans served throughout Lusophone Africa as middle-level colonial officials and workers.
Historically colonial officials and elite Brazilians showed little interest in Bahia's palm oil economy, effectively conceding it to Afro-descendants until the mid-twentieth century.
"Emphasis is placed upon destruction," colonial officials in Kenya were told.
The prince seemed the most malleable candidate, the one who would obey the dictates of French colonial officials.
The route's clientele characteristically included well-placed colonial officials and wealthy business travelers who expected first-class service.
Igbo women, showing their strength, rioted in 1929 when they believed colonial officials were going to levy taxes on women.
"These crimes were committed by British colonial officials and have gone unrecognised and unpunished for decades.
Prouv?esigned it as a prototype for prefabricated homes for French colonial officials stationed in Africa.
Some died under torture, with colonial officials writing about prisoners being "roasted alive".
At the time of decolonisation, colonial officials destroyed and removed tons of documents from Kenya.
