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Modeling of the sticking coefficient for micron-size, bare silicate grains suggested sticking would occur only for collision speeds less than 5 cm/s (Dominik and Tielins, 1997).
Laboratory collision experiments indicate that grains coated with organic matter stick quite easily, even at collision speeds up to 5 m/s (Kudo et al., 2002).
Probabilistic collision scenario data includes description of the striking ship, struck and striking ship collision speeds, collision angle, and impact location.
By studying the forces required to round off the sharp edges of rocks, researchers came up with a model that predicts the maximum collision speeds needed for boulder-surfacing.
Collision experiments conducted in Earth's gravity indicate that bare rocky particles bounce apart at collision speeds less than 30 to 50 m/s and shatter each other at higher speeds (Hartmann, 1978).
However, collision experiments conducted in micro gravity in a drop tower, using micron-size SiO2 spheres showed that aggregation occurred for collision speeds <1.2 m/s, aggregation and fragmentation were roughly in balance for speeds from 1.2 to 1.9 m/s, and fragmentation dominated for speeds >1.9 m/s (Blum and Wurm, 2000).
Similar(51)
The collision speed of the wheelset is the most important factor affecting impact derailment.
In addition, the average collision speed decreases as particles become stiffer or less elastic.
In 1972, the collision speed transfer formula of particle clusters in the sieving process was established by Bruder.
The critical collision speed at which fragmentation begins to dominate over aggregation is sensitive to the porosity, surface structure, and composition of the grains.
In a sample of relatively low speed frontal collisions (mean collision speed change of 40.7 kph) the only major injury suffered by the partly or fully restrained occupant was a femur fracture.
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