In the conventional top-down lithography technology, expensive equipment with predesigned masks and collimated light sources are employed, which involve complex and time-consuming processing steps.
Preceding an atomic line filter may be a collimator, which straightens incident light rays for passing through the rest of the filter consistently; however, collimated light is not always necessary.
Additionally, the system could be further improved by the addition of a lens within the tube to collimate light emerging from a single plane.
Additionally, the collimation tube could be replaced by an inexpensive condenser assembly similar to those found in flashlights and car headlamps that would approximately collimate light.
Here, φ i, i = x, m are the photon densities for the excitation (x) and the emission (m) light in the domain Ω covered by tissue, and the source term q models a collimated light source.
The focal length of the dual beam imaging system was 55 mm, and collimated light from the image area was split between the IR camera and the visible camera through a beam-splitter.
In addition, we compare the results of OMC simulation of diffuse reflectance Rd and transmittance Td for a scattering slab illuminated by normally incident collimated light with the results tabulated by van de Hulst [ 44], with the results of adding-doubling method obtained by Prahl [ 43], and with the results of MCML developed by Wang et al. [ 7].
However, the purpose of the waveguide adapted lasing cavity is to reduce the loss of propagated emission in omnidirection and collimate light in a specific direction.
An aspheric lens is used to collimate the light in order to optimize the blocking of excitation light by the narrowband interference filter and enhance fluorescent signal detection.
The objective collimates the light of a point source.
Two 74-UV collimating lenses were respectively used to collimate the light from the illuminating fiber to a 5-mm diameter spot and focus it back into the collecting fiber.
