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The results indicate that allele-discovery efforts are crucial and that omnibus tests or collective testing of alleles can be substantially more powerful than separate testing of individual allelic variants.
The method is used here to study how the power of association tests is affected by problems of allelic heterogeneity and to investigate the potential role for collective testing of sets of related candidate genes in the presence of locus heterogeneity.
The collective testing of rare alleles at candidate genes is an increasingly common strategy in genetic epidemiology [50].
Our interest being primarily in the reverse situation, we focus here on the collective testing of rare variants, deliberately excluding common alleles.
Collective testing of haplotypes carrying rare mutations is motivated by the variety of rare variants that contribute to FMF as compound heterozgotes and the variety of rare variants acting in a dominant mode at the cryopyrin gene.
Collective testing of genes across pathways addresses this possibility.
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We also note that collective testing is predicated on a common direction of effect, which implies that one-sided tests are appropriate.
Even when alleles of moderate frequency are involved, collective testing has a power advantage.
Collective testing permits alleles to be grouped according to an hypothesis, rather than by the accidents of linkage disequilibrium.
Focusing exclusively on rare variants would then avoid diluting the effect size of a collective test, and may elucidate a class of variants of some predictive value.
If a young England team with only 200-odd caps can secure both a record score and margin of victory over a top-class All Black combination, what on earth might they achieve with three more years of collective Test experience?
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