Collective payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs make payments to groups, conditional on specified aggregate land-management outcomes.
However, not all types of payments affected motivations equally: collective payments enhanced social motivations to protect forests and the crop-price premium reduced intrinsic and guilt/regret related motivations.
In this context, we show that collective performance payments, structured either as payments to individual households or to village development funds, have the greatest potential to reduce household clearance.
Using a common pool resource game, in four villages in Cambodia, we investigated how the level of within-group cooperation varies under different institutional arrangements, including opportunities for social approval, external enforcement of rules and individual and collective incentive payments.
This study uses a split-sample, dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey of 1574 U.S. residents to explore willingness to pay (WTP) for renewable energy under collective and voluntary payment vehicles, and under government and private provision of the good.
Results showed higher WTP bids and valuation under collective and mandatory payment format and supplied evidence that in developing countries people nurture expectancy on governmental actions and funding to conserve natural landscapes.
Further, the system of collective responsibility for the payment of outstanding taxes known as the allelengyon now devolved not on the rest of the village community but on the nearest large landowner, whether lay or ecclesiastical.
The issue of mandatory union dues moves to the SCOTUS floor from California, where schoolteacher Rebecca Friedrichs and fellow Orange County educators have banded together to fight compulsory payment of collective bargaining fees by non-members of the union.
This collective will collect and distribute royalties, work to identify songs and their owners for payment, and maintain a comprehensive, publicly accessible database for music ownership information".
