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Exactly how substantial (ie. their collective heritability) is a question to date unexplored for acquired TSEs on account of their rarity and the challenges posed by their potentially long incubation periods.
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Before an evolutionary transition, collectives fail condition 2 because within-collective selection denies collective-level heritability.
3, 4 It has been suggested that this "missing heritability" is due to the collective effects of rare variants which are usually unaccounted for in GWAS.
Particles fail condition 1 (they do not vary in fitness within their collectives, so there can be no co-variance) but still meet condition 2 (there is still particle-level heritability).
Therefore, despite evidence for their collective functional and clinical relevance, our results emphasize the low predictive value of rare GCKR variants in individuals and the complex heritability of lipid traits.
But if we think of that same process in terms of (1) selection and (2) heritability at both levels, we can now see that, for particles, the alignment of fitness interests within collectives is also the reduction of fitness variance within collectives (and hence any character-fitness covariance) and thus the negation of condition 1 for particles.
Secondary Heritability.
The heritability of migration.
The key concept here is of heritability.
Geneticists call it the "missing heritability" problem.
The mystery of missing heritability: genetic interactions create phantom heritability.
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