This work contributes to the literature on participatory methods calling for more research on team function, and a corresponding framework incorporating participatory ergonomics and collective function is proposed for further study.
Since the resulting increase in intracellular ionic strength is harmful for the function of cellular components, cells synthesize chaperones, such as Hsp70, as well as enzymes and transporters whose collective function is to increase the intracellular concentration of compatible organic osmolytes to normalize the ionic strength of the intracellular fluid [1], [2].
Commonly, functional annotation of individual or assembled reads can be performed by BLAST [ 6], and the collective set of functions are mapped onto reference pathway databases such as KEGG [ 21] or SEED [ 22] subsystems.
The paper points out that management control in an ERP-environment is not a property of the accounting function but a collective affair were local control issues in different parts of the organization are used to create notions of global management.
For the parameters, bcd a and h a a collective penalty function is used ([ 40]) to restrict the function value of Φ to the domain [Λ, 1-Λ] with Λ a small parameter (in this study taken to be 0.001).
A systematic study of their collective function, however, is lacking and forms the focus of this study.
Furthermore, membrane trafficking often involves multiple disparate motor types, and their collective function cannot be trivially extrapolated from single molecule studies.
Individual molecules or cells are only important insofar as they constitute minute fractions of the overall process acting among many cells and molecules, the sufficiency of the collective function of which is the key to whether disease occurs.
That the emergent properties derived from the collective function of many parts are the key properties of biological systems has been known since at least the first half of the 20th century.
The primary collective functions of each PPI subnetwork could be stamped by the key nodes of proteins or a group of proteins with the similar functions in the specific physiological processes in PPI subnetwork.
