In Level 2 of the landscape, we find that other collective fluctuations, more local than the ones described in Level 1, predominantly visible along the C-terminal sub-domain of lysozyme play a role in controlling the binding cleft conformation.
These ensembles exhibit a wide range of spatial and temporal scales of internal motions; localized protein motions involving bond vibrations and fluctuations within a group of few atoms are fast (femtosecond-picosecond time-scale) where as large-scale concerted, collective fluctuations involving sub-domains or entire protein are typically slow (millisecond time-scale and beyond) [1] [3].
We used a measure of information transmission between multivariate systems with correlated collective fluctuations known as the total intercorrelation, which was developed as part of the N-body Information Theory (NbIT) framework we have described previously (see refs (78 and 79) for details).
It will measure the spatial distribution of photons in order to study collective flow, fluctuation and chiral symmetry restoration.
Details of this mechanism may include mobile chain kinks taking the permeants along, 689) hopping of the permeant molecules between the kinks 690) or between free volumes created by thermal fluctuations in the headgroup region and in the core, and collective density fluctuations (phonons).
LIWC has been used to predict suicides [34], and to analyze collective mood fluctuations [35].
We suggest that this unusual dynamics is due to the presence of a strongly attractive force and collective conformational fluctuations in both the native and the denatured states of the protein.
The collective shape fluctuations, reorganization of the cytoskeleton and opening/closing of adhesion bonds are the most important factors for higher α DFA values and therefore Hurst coefficients (Cannon et al., 1997; Peng et al., 1994; Peng et al., 2002; Schneider et al., 2011), implying an increased long-memory effect of the system.
We also find a link between fluctuations of collective coordinates and convexity properties of energy surfaces.
There are no fermionic quasi-particle in Q1 D electron gas, and the elementary excitations are bosonic collective charge and spin fluctuations with different propagating velocities.
