The shutdown of mines was highly related to the social insurance problem because many workers were laid off, leading to workers' demands for compensation of social insurance premiums and large-scale collective conflicts.
Through mediation, the state could fully intervene into collective conflicts, handle them through institutionalized channels, disperse the solidarity of workers, and minimize the social conflicts triggered by institutional changes.
Collective conflict management carried out by improvised, case-specific networks operating in informal cooperation is urgently needed.
Despite the obvious gifts of the three actors, the all-important sense of a long, fraught history of collective conflict is crucially missing.
Collective conflict is hardly a new idea — James Madison invoked it in the Federalist Papers, defining factions as citizens "united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community".
The cats grow wet and skinny, and the rain grows hard and bitter, as if it is not rain but the liquid redistribution of collective conflict; it's a frigid rain, a rain that pricks the skin of any upturned face, a damning rain that makes men eke corks from bottles.
His fields of research are social psychology, emotions, masculinity, and collective conflict.
On the other hand, it also influences important risk factors associated with violence such as social exclusion, income inequality, collective conflict, and trade in alcohol, drugs or firearms.
Moseley [ 15] defines war as 'a state of organized open-ended collective conflict' (p14), distinguishing it from a street brawl by the concept of organization; from a boxing match by the concept of open-endedness and from a personal feud by the concept of collectivity.
Roughly, the story is that collectives have properties that suppress within-collective conflict.
Collectives are differentially fit according to the extent to which they are successful in within-collective conflict suppression.
