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In addition, the reviewers recorded the definitions for various risk factors and outcomes, kind of data collection (prospective or retrospective) and the statistical method to derive the prediction rule.
Moreover complete description of the data collection (prospective, retrospective) and participant sampling (consecutively) should be provided [ 54].
For data collection, prospective studies were identified and assigned two points, retrospective studies were assigned one point, and a study with unknown study design was assigned zero points.
The following data were recorded per study: method of data collection (prospective or retrospective), selection of patients for the intervention (indication for SA), and selection of patients for the study (consecutive or selected and, if selected, inclusion and exclusion criteria).
aStudy design (cross-sectional or case-control); bData collection (prospective or retrospective); crecruitment of the patient (consecutive or random); dexclusion criteria; eprior antibiotic treatment; ftuberculous meningitis; gblinded interpretation of lactate measurement; hreliability of the method (stabilizer for lactate sample or immediate measurement).
4 8 A major strength of the present study was the method of data collection (prospective information obtained among large unselected populations and comparable timescales) combined with the use of standardised anthropometric measurements performed by trained fieldworkers, high follow-up rates and low missing data (below 5%) for most variables in both cohort studies.
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Data were collected by on-duty clinicians on an HTML data collection form (prospective e-form), populated using either a personal digital assistant (PDA) or personal computer (PC).
Because the adult studies from Singapore were repeated collections from prospective cohorts, the latest collection was used for estimates of postpandemic immunity, generally from October 2009.
VAMPSS is coordinated by the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology and includes 2 complimentary data collection arms (prospective cohort and case-control surveillance) and a standing independent advisory committee.
In our study, the data collection was prospective, before the diagnosis of AMI or CHD and equal for all participants.
Data collection was prospective and approved by the hospital IRB.
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