Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(8)
However, to allow direct follow-up comparisons to the data collected by mail at time 1 and to compare data collection modalities, 60% of those in our original registry cohort were randomly mailed a one-page questionnaire, comprising only symptom questions, 2 weeks before their telephone interview (Brewer et al. 2004).
Figure 9 Two main data collection modalities available at the ID21 beamline: scanning and full-field imaging.
Multimodal – data collection modalities should include paper, touchscreen devices such as kiosks, smartphones and tablets, web browsers and telephones including automated interactive voice response (IVR) systems.
Unfortunately, the aims, methodology, data collection modalities and types of costs examined differ markedly among these studies, making it difficult to compare the results.
Compared to other collection modalities, it garners less missing data, higher reporting levels, stronger internal data validity and low behavior reactivity [ 4, 8, 12, 14, 15, 18- 28].
For instance, pooling levels overlapped management structure since both had a geographical dimension; or preferences for premium collection modalities will depend on the premium amount – see Table 2.
Similar(52)
ACASI should be considered a data collection modality to minimize the stigma often experienced by HIV-positive women because of its ability to provide privacy, allowing for women to freely disclose risk behaviors and traumatic histories honestly and without inhibition.
The latter may have been partially overcome through use of a more confidential data collection modality, such as ACASI.
The questionnaire was contextualized to the Ethiopian setting through cognitive testing, pilot testing, and reformulation of unfamiliar terms, inclusion of context specific issues, and preferences of physicians on data collection modality, language and timing.
(Table 2) For example one participant stated that "...A lot of people are ashamed [about STDs] anyway... if you feel like people are looking down on you and you hear 'em talking and they're staring at you...you know, just making little smart comments, then you don't want to go!" Almost all male participants expressed a strong aversion to urethral swabs as a specimen collection modality.
According to Eisikovits and Koren (2010), there are five types of dyadic interview data-collection modalities: separate interviews, separate interviews performed simultaneously by different interviewers, joint interviews, both separate and joint interviews with the same participants, and separate interviews with some informants and joint interviews with others.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com