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The concentration of the relevant ions in the supernatant collected was determined using ICP-OES (iCAP 6000 Series Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA).
The iodide concentration of each aliquot collected was determined using an iodide-selective electrode (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) and converted to iodide efflux rate (nanomol/min) as described previously.
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The approximate cell numbers collected were determined using a hemacytometer, and samples were then normalized to cell number (cell numbers never varied by more than 5%).
Each parasitoid individual that emerged from a collected mummy was determined using a taxonomic key described by Starý (1995).
The concentration of protein in collected supernatant was determined using the QuickStart Bradford protein assay according to the manufacturer's instructions (Bio-Rad Laboratories, HerCAles, CA).
The concentration of hydrogen in the collected gas was determined using a gas chromatograph (Shimadzu GC-8A) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector, a 1 m column packed with molecular sieve 5A and with argon as carrier gas.
The pupae were collected 5 to 7 days after infection, homogenized, and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 30 min. The supernatant was collected and HA bioactivity was determined using the HA assay.
After centrifugation at 10,000 g for 15 min at 4°C, the supernatant was collected, and protein content was determined using the Bradford assay kit (Bio-Rad).
Following centrifugation at 20,000×g for 15 minutes, supernatants were collected and protein concentration was determined using the bicinchoninic acid protein assay (BCA).
The lysate was centrifuged at 14,000 g at 4°C for 15 minutes, after which the supernatant (Soluble Extract) was collected and protein concentration was determined using the Bradford assay [31].
Samples were spun at 13,000 rpm for 30 min at 4°C, the supernatant was collected and protein concentration was determined using a BCA protein assay kit (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL).
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