Scientists are collecting lake sediment, rock, water and plant samples to tease apart linkages between Arctic sea ice, atmospheric uptake, and changes in snowfall on the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Seto et al. (2012) carried out a systematic survey to collect lake water and bottom sediment samples in August and September 2011.
MC-LR was detected in almost all water samples collected from lake 1 and lake 2 (Table 1).
The mean MC-LR concentrations of untreated water samples collected from lake 1 and lake 2 during 5 years were 0.24 µg/L and 2.58 µg/L, respectively.
In August 2009, five types of carp— Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichys nobilis, Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, and Ctenopharyngodon idellus and one species of duck were collected from lake 1 and lake 2 for microcystin analysis.
MC-LR was detected in all of the aquatic food samples, with significantly higher concentrations in liver samples than muscle samples, and higher concentrations in both liver and muscle samples from fish and ducks collected from lake 2 compared with samples from lake 1.
The water samples, collected from lake Como, treated with these techniques were analysed for mutagenic activity using Ames assay, toxicity using bioluminescent bacteria and organic compound were characterized using the GC MS technique.
Using ancient DNA, along with the remains of pollen, plants, and animals collected from lake sediments, a new study has an answer: about 12,600 years ago.
We collected surface lake water and used a tandem tangential flow filtration system preceded by a series of 2.0 µM, 1.0 µM and 1 µM impact filters for the separation of cellular microorganisms from viral sized particles.
The highest mean (± SD) concentration was 4.3 ± 1.0 μg MC-LR equivalents per liter (MC-LReq/L) in samples collected from lake 2 in 2008.
