The phrase "collateral by" is not correct or usable in written English.
Instead, the phrase "collateral for" is the correct usage. For example: She used her house as collateral for the loan.
If there is still a shortfall, the good banks should be allowed to manufacture collateral by issuing government-guaranteed bonds.
And, like any other security, they could be used as collateral by their buyers when raising loans.
Their loss of the New Yorker Films catalogue, in 2009 (it was used as collateral by Madstone Films, which had acquired New Yorker Films), was a historic loss.
That has encouraged speculation that Greek government bonds might soon no longer be accepted as collateral by the E.C.B., or might only be eligible at a higher cost.
It turns out that German government bonds put up as collateral by a partner in a solar project may never have existed.
Banks that were owed collateral by LTCM started demanding it early in the morning; those who owed it waited until the day's end to pay.
Moral hazard issues can be reduced by collateral requirements by increasing and adding a potential cost to borrowers when those are not making their best effort.
Third, we may have underestimated the extent of collaterals by measuring only spontaneously visible coronary collaterals.
For example, Baffour R et al. proved that recombinant bFGF could enhance angiogenesis and growth of collaterals by in vivo administration in a rabbit hindlimb ischemic model [6].
Subsequent immunofluorescence analyses in remodelling collaterals by utilizing a specific antibody against (active) RhoA-GTP indicated that RhoA activation was more pronounced in SMCs of wild-type but not RGS5-deficient mice (Fig 5D).
In experiments where local Glu release at CA1 pyramidal cells was evoked, 100 μs, 500 μA stimuli were applied to the Schaffer collaterals by a bipolar Tungsten electrode at 15 s intervals.
