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Furthermore, a set of experiments including MMP collapse, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis/necrosis were conducted to propose a scenario for toxicological aspects of BiOCls.
Approximately six hours following PM collapse, cell wall disappearance began and was nearly complete within 24 hours.
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Relative positions of cells along the distal-to-proximal axis were determined by collapsing cell positions along the z-axis and fitting these positions to a second-degree polynomial curve.
Contact of the collapsing cells arrests local deformation triggering collapse in neighboring cells.
Second, structural defects such as partially coupled cells, missing cells and collapsed cells in fabricated specimens are carefully investigated by means of density measurement and surface observation.
Wounding and benzonitrile herbicides both induce rapid forms of cell death that yield collapsed cells with disrupted plasma membranes.
In susceptible genotypes, weak fluorescence and collapsed cells were generally observed around the infected sites, suggesting the lack of induced defense responses.
In this study, we observed that overexpression of DLC1 in COS7 cells induced cytoskeletal collapse or cell shrinkage (Figure 7A-i), similar to our previous finding [4].
This behavior can be observed in dissociated cells or cells in groups by looking at the collapse of cell protrusions.
This may be due to the collapse of cell energy, outflow of intracellular substances or cell lysis of mesophiles at lower temperature (Gounot 1986).
This results from drying-induced hornification or irreversible pore collapse of cell walls at the nanometer scale and potentially the collapse of the entire lumen at the whole-cell scale [ 38].
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