Relationships with supervisors were cited as a difficulty by all students, primarily due to non-collaborative supervisors.
She captured both the learners and supervisors collaborative interplay by initially using pictograms and then transferring these into handwritten field notes on the same day.
What all these descriptions, definitions and guidelines have in common is that clinical supervision is a questioning learning activity that is focussed on clinical work, involves clinicians teaching one-another and is collaborative, benefitting both supervisors and supervisees.
We explore the extent to which three classes of potential success factor are correlated with perceived collaborative research success; supervisor characteristics, project management characteristics, and communication characteristics.
We found that although case managers and supervisors regarded collaborative care as a coherent practice, the collective action required to implement collaborative care was made difficult by GPs' lack of understanding of the CC framework.
Viewing the results in the current study through a socio-cultural lens this gradual but parallel progress in learners' ways of participating in collaborative activities and in supervisors' ways of supporting the learners through these activities, reveal a pattern of guided participation [ 18, 19, 28].
Collaborative projects involving academics, clinical supervisors and students from multiple disciplines provided an opportunity for culture change in an education organisation from single discipline to a more collaborative interdisciplinary one.
In the second step, the learners reached and acted on collaborative focused decisions as the supervisors' stepped back creating more space by leaving the room or directing other staff to the learners, emphasising the learners being in control in patient care.
This backlash was usually short lived and in the earlier part of collaborative activities or when the supervisors actively acknowledged they, instead of the group of learners, had the ultimate responsibility for a part of patient care e.g. methods of dialysis.
The process is awkward because the person who was your collaborative colleague yesterday is now the supervisor who determines your raise.
Thus, these studies in many different countries demonstrated that the collaborative-based technology in which students and supervisors interacted delivered a sense of connectedness and promoted social and academic achievement.
