As a consequence, in many countries, there are public promotion programs supporting collaborative research between industry and public science institutions (industry science links (ISL)) in order to remove such barriers.
Furthermore, our analysis of administrative records revealed collaborative relationships with industry that were not necessarily accompanied by industry funding or co-authored publications, but could be accounted for by less conventional indicators such as memoranda of understanding, confidentiality agreements, collaboration agreements, data/material transfer agreements, and visitor agreements.
Their primary role is to facilitate collaborative research between industry and academia, with a focus on solving industry's research problems.
The Food and Drug Administration's process analytical technology (PAT) initiative is a collaborative effort with industry to introduce new and efficient manufacturing technologies into the pharmaceutical industry.
"To achieve this, we need a collaborative effort across industry and government".
Any new mandates for renewable fuels should be "a collaborative effort between industry, scientists, and the agriculture and energy communities".
Jones said: "The renaissance is down to years of hard work, hard won investment and long-term collaborative partnership between industry and government.
Phoenix is the leading contender to become the home of the International Genomics Center, a collaborative effort by industry and universities to use the human genome to find cures for specific cancers.
Gavin Patterson, the chief executive of BT, called for a "collaborative effort across industry and government" and a supportive regulatory and policy environment to help provide faster and more comprehensive internet coverage.
The autumn statement document explains the two streams through which the new funding will flow: a new Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund (ISCF) for collaborative research between industry and academia, targeted at priority technologies; and a broader boost to UK capacity in research and innovation.
