We can anticipate that international collaboration will become the major form of collaborative articles in the future.
Yet, USA with the highest h-index of 130 not only predominantly completed the most collaborative articles (1286), but also was the major collaborator of 15 other countries (Table 3), which indicated that USA still had unparalleled strength and leadership in the scientific research.
China and Chinese Academy of Sciences were the most productive country and institution, respectively, while USA, with the most international collaborative articles and highest h-index of 130, was the major collaborator with other 15 countries in top 20 most productive countries.
China and Chinese Academy of Sciences were the most productive country and institution, respectively, while the USA, with the most international collaborative articles and highest h-index of 130, was the major collaborator with 15 other countries in top 20 most productive countries.
Simultaneously, the UK was ranked 1st with nearly 64%% of international collaborative articles in its total articles.
In collaborative articles, national articles consistently dominated, with an overall average of 61.7 % over the 20 years.
The USA produced the most single-country articles and international collaborative articles, followed by Canada and UK.
This covered 118 countries/territories, of which 21,556 (82.0 %) were independent articles covering 100 countries/territories and 4740 (18.0 %) were international collaborative articles covering 114 countries/territories.
Number of total, single-country, internationally collaborated articles, the percentage of single-country articles in total articles, the percentage of international collaborative articles in total articles, and the h-index of countries/territories were exhibited in Table 3.
However, China was ranked 19th of the 20 countries on percentage of collaboration with outside authors, while the UK ranked 9th in the number of articles, that had the highest proportion of collaborative articles to total articles.
