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In coastal areas, the retreat of the shoreline during the colder phases might have made available presently underwater raw material sources in the form of outcrops and gravels, eventually making it easier to gather lithic raw materials.
Using multi-proxy analysis of the uppermost 60 cm of the sediments (texture, organic matter content, quartz grains microstructures, charcoal deposition) together with three 14C AMS dates, a sequence of alternating warmer and colder phases has been inferred for the last ca. 6.7 ky cal BP.
Warm stages are defined by low to moderate chemical weathering of the quartz grain particles with relative increases of the C/N ratio, while colder phases show a moderate to intense physical weathering of the quartz grains and lower C/N ratios.
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The warmer ends of these cycles co-incide with a reduction in plankton growth, while abundance is higher in the colder phase.
Exposures were generally similar across the two phases, except for notably higher concentrations of OCpri, PN, and NOx in phase 2 (colder phase), and higher concentrations of SOC and O3 in phase 1 (warmer phase).
Mr. Denis and Mr. Powell have had a political relationship characterized by a series of hot and cold phases.
In general, greenhouse gas concentrations have been particularly high during warm periods and low during cold phases.
Neanderthals appear to have spread southward into the region (apparently from Anatolia and the Caucasus) during cold phases, whereas early modern humans spread northward from Africa during the intervening warm phases.
In contrast, the QBO period lengthens (~ 2.5 years) during the ENSO neutral and cold phases.
That duration contains three ENSO warm and one ENSO cold phases.
However, we observe broadly similar patterns between the two curves and therefore compare the trends between warm and cold phases.
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