Whereas snow-covered sea ice is an effective insulator that restricts heat loss from the relatively warm ocean to the colder atmosphere, there is significant turbulent heat and mass transfer from leads and polynyas to the ocean and atmosphere during the winter months.
"Fundamentally, the strong warming that might drive this is tied in with the loss of sea-ice cover that we're seeing, because the sea-ice cover acts as this lid that separates the ocean from a colder atmosphere," Dr Serreze explained.
This results in a colder atmosphere and causes faster turnover in the staff, and long-term bonds never get made.
The hypsometric equation dictates that colder atmospheres have less room between pressure surfaces, which corresponds to the concept of lower atmospheric thickness, and the thermal wind relation indicates that in this situation, the wind increases with height.
Lovely (but cold!) atmosphere, interesting speakers, proud to be part of the movement.
To withstand the cold atmosphere, the airplane's inner skin is covered by a layer of fiberglass insulation.
Despite the fine night, Anthony had the air-conditioning on, and in the sealed, cold atmosphere the smell of the leather upholstery was strong.
Krishnan, A. and Ghoniem, A.F., " Numerical simulation of the structure of a heated jet in cold Atmosphere " the 27th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, Nevada, January 9-12 , 1989 AIAA-89-0485.
Some of the terrrestrial radiation detected by the observer may be emitted by the cold atmosphere rather than by the Earth's surface.
She loathed what she felt was the cold atmosphere of King's, where women were not allowed in the senior common room.
The perennially frozen ground is no longer exposed to a cold atmosphere, and the salt water has caused a reduction in strength and consequent melting of the ice-rich permafrost (which is bonded by freshwater ice).
