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By satisfying the cold requirement of many temperate-zone plants, flowering can be induced to occur earlier than normal or in warm climates lacking the requisite seasonal chilling.
Plants are frost-hardy, so this crop should be one of the earliest planted in the high tunnel to satisfy the cold requirement for flowering.
The cold requirement for bolting varies greatly in relation to the genotype and the environment.
For Welsh onion, low temperatures and short days induce flowering [ 9], but the cold requirement is different with the origin of cultivars and depends, in other species, upon whether the cultivars have an obligate or facultative vernalisation requirement [ 11].
Once the cold requirement was fulfilled, the growth of the Welsh onion was better at high (plastic tunnel) than at low temperature (open field), as long as the high temperature was below the devernalisation temperature.
L. longiflorum, (cultivar White Heaven) plants developing from non-vernalized bulbs grown at a constant temperature of 25 °C produced only leaves and did not flower over a period of more than 15 months (Ram et al., in preparation), confirming the obligatory cold requirement of this cultivar.
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We further confirmed the full autonomy of the cold requirements by monitoring FasIII distribution in the hindgut of mutant embryos expressing FLAG-Cold under the control of the engrailedGAL4 driver, which is only expressed in the dorsal half of this epithelial tube [29].
The investigations demonstrated the involvement of genes belonging to three major pathways: (i) vernalization response genes (Vrn), which regulates heading after low temperature periods; (ii) photoperiod response genes (Ppd), which is active/inactive with a certain day length; (iii) 'earliness per se' factors, which seems to be independent of light and cold requirements [ 20].
Moreover, the response of plants to vernalisation is determined not only by the temperature during the vernalisation period but also by the duration of the low-temperature exposure [ 20, 21], and thus, the cold requirements for vernalisation vary greatly with the genotype and the environment [ 22].
The northern-most populations (Sweden) in our study had the broadest temperature range for root emergence and the longest cold stratification requirement for shoot emergence.
Drafts sections of donor, annual and other project documentation related to cold chain requirement during SIAs, ensuring accuracy and consistency with established rules, regulations and plans of action.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com