We produced several hundreds of liters of filtered cold-leaf-leachate (48 h) from riparian vegetation (Petasites sp., Phalaris sp., Mentha sp., Veratrum sp., Cirsium oleraceum) to study dynamics of complex DOC.
For cold stress, leaf discs were exposed to 4°C for 5 days while heat stress was given for 8 h at 42°C.
Information on genetic differences in tamarisk growth and defense, along with knowledge of hybrid plant distribution, can potentially improve biological control in this system where evolution for at least some plant traits (i.e., cold hardiness, leaf phenology) has occurred.
Araceae Leaf Cold H2O/hot H2O/MeOH DPPH 0.49/49.7/0.27 mg/mL Egypt [202] Combretum aculeatum Vent.
Curcubitaceae Leaf Cold H2O/hot H2O/MeOH DPPH 1.19/17.9/0.75 mg/mL Egypt [202] Majorana hortensis Moench.
Apocyanaceae Leaf Cold H2O/hot H2O/MeOH DPPH 0.61/33.3/0.43 mg/mL Egypt [202] Sonchus oleraceus L. Asteraceae Leaf EtOH SORSA 56 at 1 μg/mL Sudan [45] Spathodea tilotica P.Beauv.
From the nature of the identified proteins, it was concluded that proteins related to energy metabolism were up-regulated and defense-related proteins were down-regulated by cold stress in leaf blades.
In a set of experiments investigating cold hardiness and leaf phenology of hybrid tamarisk populations, Friedman et al.
However, the numbers of down-regulated TFs were significantly more than the up-regulated in the bHLH, WRKY, ERF, MYB, C2H2, NAC and LBD families when compared with 6 hours cold stress treated leaf.
Adaptation appears to be an important evolutionary mechanism for hybrid tamarisk populations in terms of particular life history traits (e.g., cold hardiness and leaf phenology; Friedman et al. 2008, 2011) and tolerance and resistance to a specialized herbivore (this study).
