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Corner crack initiated at the entrance face for cold expanded holes, while face crack initiated at the mid-plane of non-expanded holes.
Fatigue crack growth tests have been carried out at 20°C and 150°C for both cold expanded and non-cold expanded conditions.
This result was attributed to the surface upset which was present in cold expanded holes.
Tests were carried out using plates containing plain holes and cold expanded holes in aluminium.
A series of uniaxial fatigue tests were carried out using specimens containing non-cold expanded and cold expanded holes to assess the effect of split sleeve cold expansion on fatigue behavior of titanium alloy TC4.
Surprisingly, the behaviour of the specimens having cold expanded holes was worse than that of specimens with untreated holes.
Similar(28)
In this paper, we have studied the induced residual stress due to the cold expanding of two adjacent holes.
By today's standards, his achievements in office look like those of a moderate liberal: he eased the tensions of the Cold War, expanded the welfare state, and supported affirmative action (albeit in ways calculated to split the Democrats).
He may have thawed the Cold War, expanded women's rights, and signed landmark environmental legislation, but Watergate remains his lasting legacy.
"A Cold Case," expanded from a much-admired New Yorker article, quite properly eschews the pumped-up narrative tension of a true-crime thriller, for its aim is elsewhere.
Almost 30 years ago, US economist David Shulman introduced the phrase "Goldilocks economy" to describe one that's neither blowing too hot nor cold but expanding at just the right pace, with good jobs growth.
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