Sentence examples for cold chain cost from inspiring English sources

Compared to other vaccine SIAs, as a proportion of total operational costs Tetanus vaccine SIAs tend to be associated with higher human resources and training costs, and lower vehicles and transportation costs, and virtually no cold chain cost.

For example, cold chain costs actually represent a relatively small fraction of total vaccine delivery system costs.

In countries like England and the United States, maintaining this "cold chain" costs up to $200 million a year and increases the cost of vaccination by 14percentto20percentcent, according to the World Health Organization.

Finally, in the absence of data about cold chain costs, we examined 1 15-fold increases in the cost of liquid lopinavir/ritonavir [ 35].

Cold-chain costs were shared with the livestock sector only when veterinarians used thermosensitive contagious bovine pleuropneumonia vaccines.

Additionally, there are issues relating to optimal antigenic target identification, criteria for acceptable efficacy, identification of the target population in children as well as adults, commercial development limitations, optimal timing of immunization strategy, storage and cold chain requirements, cost of development and cost effectiveness (64).

Especially common information related to gene and pathway involved in fruit ripening can be potentially applied to other crops also leading to improved fruit quality and reduced cold chain management costs [ 2].

This discrepancy could be due to additional programmatic costs (cold chain storage, shipping costs, etc).

The yearly costs of maintaining the cold chain and the costs of training health personnel were estimated in consultation with the Kazakh Ministry of Health.

In order to provide an effective vaccine against S. aureus, a number of unresolved issues in vaccine development relating to optimal antigenic target identification, criteria for acceptable efficacy, identification of target population, commercial development limitations, optimal timing of immunization strategy, storage, cold chain requirements and cost need to be addressed properly.

Eliminating this "cold chain" would reduce costs and make vaccines much more easily distributed in tropical countries.