We conduct a systematic investigation of catalytic effects on the electrochemical properties and the carbon coking tolerance of the candidates.
carbon anodes, graphite electrodes, fireproof materials, carbon-carbon composites and carbon fibres, as coking additive and as binder in many insulating and sealing materials used in construction and road building [ 1, 2].
Another effect of the Cu modification, which influences the carbon chemistry and coking behavior, is the decrease in the carbon oxidation temperature, probably due to a weaker bonding of carbon on the CuNi alloy surface.
The higher viscosity results in poor fuel atomization in modern diesel engines, leading to problems derived from incomplete combustion such as carbon deposition and coking [ 33].
Steam and dry reforming tests were conducted at 600 °C with low steam-to-carbon and CO2-to-carbon feed ratios to promote coking.
The effect of catalyst deactivation ( a ) due to coking on catalysts, nitrogenous poisoning, and Conradson carbon is taken into consideration in the kinetic expression.
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) in combination with carbon rejection technologies, such as coking and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), are the main technologies industrially employed for the desulfurization of heavy oil (Rana et al. 2007).
Nevertheless, one of the most serious drawbacks upon using hydrocarbon-rich fuel gas is the deposition of carbon or carbon filament formation on the electrode, blocking gas diffusion at the catalytically active triple phase boundary anode/electrolyte/fuel by coking, and in parallel inducing mechanical damage via carbon filament formation and nickel "dusting".
We demonstrate that the physicochemical and electrochemical properties are remarkably different among four different sludge-derived carbons: those obtained from municipal wastewater sludge, coking wastewater sludge, phenol-acclimated municipal wastewater sludge, and phenol-acclimated coking wastewater sludge (denoted as MSC, CSC, P-MSC, and P-CSC, respectively).
The addition of cerium significantly improved coking resistance, attributed to improved oxygen ion conductivity, resulting in carbon oxidation on the catalyst surface.
