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However, as detected in the previous cohort, small differences were once again observed following 5 weeks of cuprizone challenge, with Gas6−/− mice showing a significant increase in the mean diameter of myelinated axons in the caudal segment (Table 2, p = 0.019), and significantly thinner myelin in the middle segment (Table 2, p = 0.034).
Spatial clustering of observations was explored by adding random cohort-level intercepts (Swedish cohort: small administrative units; Dutch cohort: neighborhood; Italian and Spanish cohorts: census area) to fully-adjusted models without the air pollution data.
Even in the overall cohort, small changes in pre-processing led to major changes in classification performance: sensitivity changed up to 14% and specificity 19% between methods (Tables S4 and S5 in Additional file 1).
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The results confirm the widespread speculation in the runup to results day that this year's A-level results could be beset by what the exam regulator Ofqual described as "volatility" due to changes in the student cohort – smaller this year than in previous years – and in the timing of exams and subjects being sat.
However, given the incidence of VTEs was 3.7/1000 pyrs in the nbDMARD cohort, smaller differences would be of questionable clinical relevance.
The study had several strengths including large cohorts, small percentage of loss to follow-up, and rigorous reconstruction of historical levels of drinking water contamination.
Demographic differences in study cohorts, small sample sizes, or short follow-up periods may be attributable to inconsistency in previous study findings.
Of this initial cohort of small saplings, only 54.68% were alive in the sixth 50-ha FDP tree census (2010).
The patient cohort was small increasing the risk of a type 2 error.
First, the cohort is small.
Further, the sample size of the septic cohort was small.
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