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Imbens and van der Klaauw (1995) estimated this equation using aggregated wage data (monthly birth cohort averages) from 1989 and 1990.
However because our peer measures are based on cohort averages, OLS estimates will remain consistent when using the three-year cohort aggregates.5 The standard errors of our estimated peer effects, of course, will be larger than in the case where entering-class cohort measures were available.
To determine if other characteristics or demographic factors may have affected student performance, age, gender and race for incorrect responses were compared with the cohort averages (Table 1).
We refine these results by replacing simple cohort averages with estimates from regression models in prospective time, adjusting for individual covariate information and timing of events.
The course of LBP was characterised by substantial improvement during approximately five weeks after seeking care, and practically no improvement after ten weeks when considering cohort averages.
Given that the baseline probabilities reflect a population of very ill patients with type 1 diabetes, the assumption may still be valid, particularly for the cohort averages (which this analysis models).
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The final liver volume remained consistent with the cohort average reported by Theysohn et al. [11].
Despite the massive dropoff in users after the first month, the tweeting activity from the users who are left is so voluminous that it makes the "tweets per month" of each cohort average over 100% (and, as before, the more recent cohorts are the more loyal)!
Nevertheless, students may also be ranked on the basis of their ability in C. We could simply assume that those with an ability above their cohort average would be the ones with the absolute advantage in contextualised knowledge (noted (AA_{C})).
Patients' age in this cohort averaged 47 years (range 20 77 years).
For the normal cohort, average MMT scores ranged from 85.5 to 100.0 MMT points.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com