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These dimensional changes might explain the decreased push-out values in samples after thermocycling process and also the increased cohesive mode of failure observed in SEM images as well.
This type of bond failure can be attributed to the nanoscale particles which are responsible for intimate contact of powder particles that resulted in interlocked pattern and more possibility for cohesive mode of failure.
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Detected cohesive modes of failure can suggest that thermal stresses as well as the water bath cause structural changes inside the experimented cements [ 30, 32], which can adversely influence the cement's dislodgement resistance and sealing properties.
A mixed-mode cohesive model, which is an ideal candidate for describing the loading and fracture response of a relatively thin ductile adhesive layer, has been used as the constitutive relation of the cohesive elements.
A small contribution of cohesive failure mode (close to interface) could be a possible reason for higher bonding strength at particular surface roughness of adherend.
However, subsequent tests on DLS specimens indicated an adhesive and not cohesive failure mode, so this approach could not be used to predict failure in the present case without introducing an interfacial damage parameter.
Moreover, the chemical functionalization of the steel surfaces with amino and glycidyl silanes significantly altered the interfacial forces with the FBE coatings, resulting in higher adhesion strength for 3-APTES-modified steel compared to 3-GPTMS-steel; however, both mostly showed cohesive rupture mode in the FBE component.
A numerical analysis including a cohesive mixed-mode damage model was performed considering different mixed-mode loading conditions to evaluate the test performance.
A cohesive mixed-mode damage model appropriate for ductile adhesives is presented.
The numerical model used ABAQUS® software and a developed cohesive mixed-mode damage model adequate for ductile adhesives, and implemented within interface finite elements.
A fine-tune analysis of damage evolution between subsequent impacts using a numerical procedure including a cohesive mixed-mode damage model was also performed.
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