We have found that the increase in monomeric sugar yields upon enzymatic saccharification of ball-milled, but not chemically treated switchgrass, is more closely tied to the formation of crystallites of cellulose with a negative linear dependence on the coherent domain size than to a decrease in particle size or to an increase in surface area of the biomass.
In contrast, the enzymatic saccharification yield shows a negative linear dependence on the coherent domain size for non-pretreated switchgrass subjected to ball milling and a higher power dependence on coherent domain size when attritor milling is preceded by gaseous ammonia pretreatment.
In that regard, we ask what physically limits the coherent dipole size and how a material might be engineered for "giant" exciton oscillator strength.
In form intramolecularular torsional disorder is reduced and most probably it promotes the increasing coherent domain size in the π − π stacking direction of P3HT domains, respectively.
During the early stages of heating, recovery through the rearrangement of dislocations increases the coherent domain size from 23 to about 60 nm.
Thus, it can be suggested that the changing (0-0) to (0-1) ratis is related to the changing weight ratio of the different crystalline forms of P3HT, respectively, and the increasing (0-0) to (0-1) ratio most probably is due to increasing fraction of the form I' in the blend, which promotes the increasing coherent domain size in the π − π stacking direction of P3HT domains.
They also showed that the form I' demonstrates an increase in the coherent domain size in the π − π stacking direction by a factor of ~ 2 (from 6.3 to 12.4 nm), as compared to form I in samples prepared from p-xylene, which can be responsible for the enhancement of the (0-0) band relatively to the (0-1) band in P3HT samples [50].
The a and b axes are only fit when crystallinity and coherent domain size are sufficiently large to allow clear resolution of the crystalline peaks.
However, unlike the negative linear dependence of the monomeric sugar yields, following 72 h of saccharification, on the first power of the coherent domain size, observed in Fig. 3 for milling in the absence of ammonia pretreatment, the sugar yields now show a negative linear dependence on the second and third powers of the coherent domain size.
The plot of the coherent domain size versus the monomeric sugar yields shows a much more direct correlation between milling and saccharification yield than was observed for particle size and surface area.
