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It could be that voters take a cognitive shortcut, letting broad-brush markers like party affiliation stand in for a close study of candidates' qualifications and policy stances.
In a sense, it's just a cognitive shortcut for a quick appraisal.
Instead, they suggested, "we can recognize that most individuals who endorse these narratives are otherwise normal" but use a sort of cognitive shortcut to explain complex and confusing events.
"Similarity" is another cognitive heuristic and reflects "a cognitive shortcut used for judging the probability of an event by its similarity to events with comparable features" [ 29], p.248.
(Participant 4)" "Availability of risk" is a cognitive heuristic that refers to "a cognitive shortcut used for judging the probability of an event by the ease with which examples of the event come to mind" [ 29], p.248.
Implicit social awareness refers to the internalization of social rules and norms that create a cognitive shortcut when predicting a person's behaviour in a certain situation (Baird and Baldwin, 2001; Low and Perner, 2012; Povinelli and Vonk, 2004).
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Under time pressure, negotiators tend to rely more on stereotypes and cognitive shortcuts.
It's what scholars call "unconscious bias", and each of us has it, the result of cognitive shortcuts made by our brains.
Such heuristics or cognitive shortcuts are hardly new: two decades ago the Guardian ran a TV advertisement that riffed on just such misperceptions.
This, not surprisingly, became the basis of some classic Redelmeier research around raising physicians' awareness of their own thinking — cognitive shortcuts that might lead to a diagnostic error.
It's a task many of us find difficult because our brains weren't really wired to do this, and we fall back on cognitive shortcuts, such as stereotyping, as a way to cope.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com