High LDQ scores are associated with cognitive preoccupation with substance use, a compulsion to use, continual use, planning and organizing future use, maximization of the subjective experience of substance use, a reduced repertoire of behaviour with the primacy of substance use and substance use as an existential coping strategy.
Beyond that, interindividual differences in emotional and cognitive preoccupation will be considered that might moderate the impact of information programs and will allow to select patients that may profit most.
The dimension of restraint, which best predicted the two problem behaviors when examined separately for both boys and girls, was cognitive and emotional preoccupation (CEP) about controlling one's consummatory intake.
At the item level, the anxious preoccupation, cognitive avoidance, fighting spirit, and helpless-hopelessness subscales [ 20] did not perform as expected and several items were deleted to achieve fit to the Rasch model expectations.
The presence of the nine DSM-IV criteria for depression, depressed mood, diminished interest, eating problems, sleeping problems, psychomotor problems, loss of energy, guilt, cognitive problems, and preoccupation with death/suicidal ideation, was recorded retrospectively for every week in the preceding three months [ 3].
An adaptive coping strategy (fighting spirit) and potentially maladaptive strategies (hopelessness/helplessness, fatalism, anxiety preoccupation and cognitive avoidance) were assessed via the Mini-MAC scale.
Through researchers such as Baltes, 7 views on the aging mind have shifted from a preoccupation with cognitive decline to a perspective including potentials for growth.
Moreover, research has confirmed that spiritual well-being is positively associated with quality of life, fighting-spirit, but also fatalism, yet negatively correlated with helplessness/hopelessness, anxious preoccupation, and cognitive avoidance [ 11].
Hence his preoccupation with the cognitive resources rather than with accusation and protest.
Coping was assessed by the 21-item Mini Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC) which measures five cancer-specific coping strategies: helplessness-hopelessness, anxious preoccupation, fighting spirit, cognitive avoidance and fatalism [ 35].
