Steve Ritter, a founder and the chief scientist of Carnegie Learning, said there were flaws in the What Works Clearinghouse evaluations of Cognitive Tutor and disputed the Education Department's judgment of what makes a worthy study.
Regardless of how much emphasis theories of the developing mind and theories of language acquisition place on our genes and biologically determined cognitive capacities, no theories dispute the critical importance to young children of hearing talk directed to them about what they see and do.
The analog-propositional debate, occasionally also called the picture-description debate, or sometimes just the imagery debate (as if there were no other debatable or hotly debated issues about imagery) is an ongoing and notoriously irreconcilable dispute within cognitive science about the representational format of visual mental imagery.
Traditional cognitive behavior therapy attempts to dispute, change, and restructure the content of negative thoughts to reduce consequent psychological discomfort.
For instance, as mentioned in the previous section, the nature of neural and cognitive dynamics is still much disputed.
Such an approach (e.g., Bohman 1996; McCarthy 1998) understands deliberation as less a matter of settling disputes over the cognitive validity of competing proposals than a matter of developing legal frameworks within which citizens can continue to cooperate despite disagreements about what is right or good.
Patients were taught to identify cognitive fallacies and learned how to dispute them.
In case of predominating feelings of guilt or anger somewhat extended cognitive modules were applied to address and dispute these feelings [ 35].
This would not prove causation in any individual case, but it would support a connection between pro football careers and heightened prevalence of later-life cognitive decline that the league has long disputed.
Representatives of both groups have evolved large brains relative to their body sizes as well as highly complex cognitive abilities [ 9, 10], although some researchers dispute this latter point [ 13].
