"Children's cognitive development, their capacity to learn at school and later their productive capacity as adults are noticeably reduced.
There are natural aspects related to their cognitive development and their capacity to assent and consent to their participation as subjects.
Studies show that undernutrition affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction, and physical work capacity [ 15].
Later, when such stunted children enter the workforce, their diminished physical and cognitive development can reduce their earning capacity by as much as 22 per cent.
Later, when such stunted children enter the adult workforce, their diminished physical and cognitive development can reduce their earning capacity by as much as 22 percent which translates into a loss in GDP of 2-3%.
When she is old enough to begin working, her diminished physical and cognitive development can reduce her earning capacity by as much as 22 per cent, in turn making it more difficult for her to feed her own children.
When we consider that a lack of adequate nutrition can cause a five-year-old to lose up to a half-foot of growth, it is no surprise that the effects also extend to the immune system and cognitive development, permanently limiting the child's capacities and opportunities throughout life.
The condition results in irreversible damage to children's physical and cognitive development, undermining school performance and reducing earning capacity, which in turn help to perpetuate the cycle of poverty in the world's poorest countries.
Obviously, this is in line with cognitive-biological oriented models which assume that cognitive development should be seen as a gradual accumulation of knowledge, skills, and information processing capacity that results in a continuous maturation of cognition [ 24].
Thus, caution must be used when interpreting the results, as six-year-olds have a greater capacity for understanding and answering questions due to their more advanced cognitive development [ 20].
In addition to domains such as cognitive development, socio-emotional development, and motor development, the HKECDS considers children's knowledge and capacities in terms of self-care, physical fitness and health, and the local society.
