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This observation can be explained by induced Marangoni flows, which counteract the convective flows leading to the coffee ring effects.
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Solvents also lead to other problems such as the coffee ring effect in which polymers tend to concentrate at the edge of a droplet as it dries.
The SWCNT-COOH aqueous suspension is subject to the halo (or "coffee ring") effect, which is a well-known phenomenon in inkjet printing, whereas the SWCNT-COOH/PEDOT-PSS ink offers a more homogeneous CNT network.
They then add the flakes to a solvent called N-Methylpyrrolidone, or NMP, which minimises problems such as the coffee ring effect that can occur when some solvents evaporate.
To minimize the coffee ring effect and uniformly disperse the nanoparticles, the size of citrate-capped AuNPs, the CMC concentration, the volume ratio of CMC solution and AuNPs, and the printing cycles were optimized.
This is because, besides Deegan׳s coffee ring effect, the transport of dispersed materials in porous media is affected by chromatographic and filtration effects, which are highly dependent upon the properties of the substrates.
(c) Image of the coffee ring effect on silver nanoparticle inks during the sintering process.
In our experiment, the coffee ring effect was controlled and used for preparing silver nanoparticle films.
b– d Microwire networks at the periphery due to coffee ring effect.
Figure 1 Spray coating apparatus, sintering process, and coffee ring effect.
The coffee ring effect takes place at both conditions indicating a pinned contact line.
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