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The grinding of coffee beans and subsequent brewing of coffee generates spent coffee grounds (CG), an insoluble waste material rich in organic content.
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Processing the coffee berries to produce coffee beans generates large amounts of waste materials, which have a major impact on the environment.
Because Europeans drink more than 700m cups of coffee every day and most coffee is imported as a commodity, the European coffee industry generates tens of billions of euros in added value, taxes and profits for EU nations, while in Latin America tens of millions live in poverty or extreme poverty in coffee producing regions.
The large amount of coffee husk generated in coffee processing has caused environmental concerns, and there is a need to find alternative uses for these residues (Felfli et al. 2010).
The process of separating the commercial product (the bean) from coffee cherries generates enormous volumes of waste material in the form of pulp, residual water, and parchment.
Pujol et al. (2013) investigated the chemical composition of exhausted coffee waste generated in a soluble coffee industry and found that total polyphenols and tannins represent <6 and <4% of the exhausted coffee wastes, respectively.
Whereas coffee mugs generate an endowment effect, tokens that can be exchanged for coffee mugs do not.
The livestock sector ranks second after coffee in generating foreign exchange for Ethiopia (SOS Sahel 2004).
Most of the coffee pulp generated during wet processing goes without any treatment directly to huge waste disposal sites or river streams.
A Kendal firm is revolutionising the technology needed to tackle part of the problem - the 2.5 billion coffee cups generated by the big high street chains each year.
Kraft noted its partnership with Starbucks dates back to 1998, when Starbucks retail grocery coffee business generated less than $50 million annually.
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