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They note that coffee compounds have shown potent antioxidant properties in laboratory studies.
But as lead author Laura Stevens explained to the Australian, "We don't know if it is the coffee, compounds in the coffee or behaviour associated with drinking coffee.
Moreover, these coffee compounds have been already characterized by NMR, albeit not extensively [ 13– 15].
Coffee compounds may affect the enzymes involved in the production or conjugation of bilirubin.
The hormonal theory asserts that the metabolism of caffeine and other coffee compounds interact mainly with the metabolism of estrogens.
However, epidemiologic data on the relation between coffee compounds and breast cancer survival are sparse and inconsistent.
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The lead author, Janet S. Hildebrand of the American Cancer Society, said that the mechanism was unclear, but that coffee contains compounds that may have anticancer effects.
She said: "Unfortunately, although coffee contains compounds that have antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory properties, drinking a few cups of coffee a day cannot undo the systematic damage that is the result of being overweight or obese, sedentary, excessive alcohol consumption or drastically mitigate an unhealthy diet".
The potential beneficial effects of EGCG (and possibly other tea and coffee polyphenolic compounds) on brain catecholamine metabolism and neuronal survival as observed in this study shed a mechanistic light on these intriguing epidemiological observations.
The extraction yields of major coffee aroma compounds are shown in ESM Figs. S 3 and S4.
Coffee contains several compounds that have the potential to influence breast cancer risk and survival.
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