Legislation that was approved this year by the House and the Senate would have imposed further on C.I.A. interrogations, by requiring that they conform to rules spelled out in the Army handbook for military interrogations that bans coercive procedures.
But its current guidelines covering practice conclude that "it is consistent with the A.P.A. ethics code for psychologists to serve in consultative roles to interrogation and information-gathering processes for national-security-related purposes," as long as they do not participate in any of 19 coercive procedures, including waterboarding, the use of hoods and any physical assault.
We measured the restriction of human rights by a scale developed for this purpose, Human DIgnity during COercive Procedures, DICOP.
We determined an ethical aspect as main outcome variable: the restriction of human rights from the patients' point of view, measured by a scale developed for this purpose, Human DIgnity during COercive Procedures, DICOP-Score.
This non-coercive procedure is intended to prevent undue pressure on the family to participate.
What is significant, nonetheless, is that a court of law found it acceptable to grant a warrant authorizing such a coercive cruel procedure.
According to a passage in Vice-Admiral Church's report that is unclassified but has not been released to the public, in December , 2002 Dr. Michael Gelles, the chief psychologist at the N.C.I.S., spoke with Alberto J. Mora, the Navy's general counsel, saying that, in his professional opinion, "abusive techniques" and "coercive psychological procedures" were being used on Qahtani at Guantánamo.
Recent WHO guidelines [ 41] highlight that women commonly experience verbal abuse, coercive medical procedures and a lack of informed consent during pregnancy and birth.
Each of the 12 EUNOMIA centers formed a local "expert group" with representatives from parties involved in the procedure of coercive treatment (e.g. mental health professionals, users, legal experts) and organized semi-structured personal and/or group interviews.
At the same time, women with the means to access abortion were subject to coercive messages and invasive procedures.
