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Crack growth only occurred if the applied field exceeded the coercive field strength of the material.
A remnant polarization of 19 μC/cm2 and a coercive field strength of 1.07 MV/cm were achieved with the Pt/HZO/Ni stack annealed at 650 °C with a HZO thickness of ∼20 nm.
Ferroelectric performance in SiO2-doped HfO2 with a remanent polarization (P r) above 10 μC/cm2 and a coercive field strength (E c) of 1 MV/cm was reported [1].
In this work, a Ni/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/Ru/Si stack annealed at 550°C for 30 s in N2 ambient after the Ni top electrode has been deposited was manufactured, and it shows the best ferroelectric hysteresis loop in the dielectric thickness of 25 nm, with a remanent polarization value of 6 μC/cm2 and a coercive field strength of 2.4 MV/cm measured at 10 kHz.
Samarium cobalt has the next highest coercive field strength, at 9,200 oersted, but a magnetic flux density of 10,500 gauss and an overall energy density of 26.
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The properties of a magnet can be described with these characteristics: Coercive magnetic field strength, abbreviated Hc, represents the point at which the magnet can be demagnetized (degaussed) by another magnetic field.
Alnico, an aluminum-nickel-cobalt alloy, has a magnetic flux density close to that of neodymium iron boron (12,500 gauss), but a much lower coercive magnetic field strength (640 oersted) and consequently an overall energy density of only 5.5.
Permanent magnets are typically made from one of these materials: Neodymium iron boron has the highest magnetic flux density (12,800 gauss), coercive magnetic field strength (12,300 oersted), and overall energy density (40).
Hc is the coercive field (or force) that is required to reduce Jr,sat to zero, and Hc,r is the field required to reduce Jr to zero.
Coercive field decreases with increasing intensity, regardless of wavelength.
When the external field is reversed, the value of B falls and passes through zero (point C) at a field strength known as the coercive force.
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