The 12-month sexual coercion rates vary between 9.1 - 44.4% yearly and ever coerced between 16.5 - 58.6%, [ 1, 2, 5- 7, 10, 11], whilst verbal/emotional aggression during the past 12 months and life-time may be as elevated as 51% and 67.5%, respectively [ 5, 6, 10, 12- 14].
Several studies have reported an association between experience of sexual coercion and higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), implying ensuing consequences as a result of risky sexual behavior, including inconsistent condom use [ 9, 18].
She has interviewed Colombian prostitutes in Bogata — women are moved around the country to areas of most demand, she said — and found high rates of coercion.
Another study found increased rates of coercion to have sex in women who had their first sexual intercourse at a younger age.
More recently, while some researchers, including from Malawi, concluded that they found "no evidence of coercion" [ 27], high acceptance rates raise the possibility that routine PITC is difficult for pregnant women to refuse.
In rural Uganda, varying rates of sexual coercion ranging from 22%% in Rakai [ 9] to as high as 40%% in Mbarara [ 13] have been reported among young women.
These outcomes speak to the vulnerability of young women in the community who are experiencing higher rates of sexual coercion and risky behavior than their male counterparts.
The higher rates of sexual coercion found in the current study may possibly be attributable to differing social customs and cultural background.
The prevalence of this violence ranges between 15 and 40% in sub-Saharan Africa, with studies showing rates of sexual coercion and abuse among female adolescents in Nigeria between 11 and 55% (1, 2).
The first sexual experience was associated with forcible sex or pressure to have sex in nearly 40% of respondents, a worrying finding that is consistent with a pattern of sexual coercion, sexual abuse and high rates of interpersonal violence reported in the Caribbean literature [ 5, 19, 26, 49- 53].
Using these longitudinal data, we assess the relationship between client-reported perceived coercion, the therapeutic relationship as rated by the client, self-reported adherence, and client-reported and interviewer-rated outcomes over time using a series of structural equation models.
