Several previous studies have reported substantial differences between treatment units regarding the use of coercion [ 12- 18, 19, 19, 21, 22, 50- 53].
Differences in ward culture and staff attitudes are still among the factors often mentioned as possible explanations for differences in the use of coercion [ 12, 12, 16, 21, 28, 43], and should be investigated more thoroughly.
Oren Bar-Gill & Omri Ben-Shahar, Credible Coercion, 83 Tex.
Let us discuss three potential barriers to voluntariness: (1) literal coercion, (2) "undue inducement", and (3) "no choice" situations.
On her view, voluntarism "…involves the capacity to make this choice freely and in the absence of coercion" (707).
Though many supervised machine learning algorithms have the ability to coerce classification distribution, the NB machine learning algorithm naturally produces posterior probabilities without coercion [19].
Neutralize peer pressure Anti-corruption units and multi-agency taskforces to undermine corruption in police culture Anonymous whistleblowing mechanisms to neutralize peer intimidation and coercion 24.
Many of the most pressing issues belong to a discussion of states and law rather than to a discussion of coercion.[25] However, some theorists have attempted to draw some fairly revisionist lessons about politics and law from their theoretical discussions of coercion.
In fact, making a conditional threat is often a more troublesome and ethically problematic act than making a plain, unconditional threat.[20] Unfortunately, the ethical complexities involved in the making of conditional threats have been little explored to date by those more centrally interested in coercion.[21] (For criticism of and an alternative to Berman's approach, see Anderson 2011).
Opening sentences of 5 CFR 2635.702 cover both; 702(a) gives example of coercion; 702(c) gives example of endorsement.
