30 Although this study did not collect specific information about coerced sexual activities between drivers and helpers, this could be an important area for future research and intervention.
Second, although coerced sexual activities that occur in dating or romantic relationships is recognized as a form of sexual violence by the World Health Association (see for example a WHO multi-country study from Garcia-Moreno and colleagues [ 13]), the extent to which this form of interpersonal violence is socially recognized and acknowledged in different legislations around the world is unclear.
The spam sending fridge from earlier this year could easily be seen as being a 'bad refrigerator', not because of an inappropriate interior temperature but because of its coerced online activity.
As UC San Diego professor and North Korea observer Stephen Haggard told Businessweek, "Everyone in the North Korea watchers community is scratching their heads about this," especially since Cohen last year hosted North Korean defectors at a conference in LA where they "gave harrowing accounts of privation and coerced criminal activity including drug sales".
This demonstrates the role that alcohol plays in coerced sexual activity.
Alcohol-related coerced sexual activity is a significant occurrence among students; attitudinal and knowledge differences between males and females may explain this.
The results detailed here support research conducted in the USA demonstrating a link between alcohol use and coerced sexual activity; a link which is likely to exist in other countries given that globally students are high consumers of alcohol [ 58].
One study conducted in the urban slums of Nairobi, Kenya, for example, found a strong association between self-reported coerced sexual activity and alcohol use among young people aged 12 24 years [ 11].
Few participants (n = 2) reported forced or coerced sexual activity from police on the quantitative survey, and qualitative results affirm that police abuse largely consisted of exploitation of underlying power dynamics for coercive sex with limited use of physical violence or force.
The questions were: "Have you ever, as an adult, been coerced into sexual activities?" (no/yes) and "Have you ever, as an adult, been forced into sexual activities?" (no/yes).
